Offshore PV has become an important application scenario for PV power project development with its characteristics and advantages. At present, the development of offshore PV projects is mainly based on research and demonstration-type applications, with technology accumulation, equipment testing and mode exploration for large-scale applications.
(i) Current status of offshore PV development
In recent years, the photovoltaic industry continues to grow at a rapid pace, making the utilization of land-based renewable energy space gradually shrinking, and excessive over-development will also result in land occupation, over-consumption of natural resources and environmental pressure and other issues. At the same time, the ecological red line problem in the past two years has also made the development of land-based power plant there are many variables, many power plant development enterprises will turn their attention to the ocean clean energy.
(1) Stronger policy support
(2) PV+Water provides a certain technological basis for offshore PV
(3) Some enterprises have begun to stockpile technologies and products in a targeted manner.
(4) Successful cases already exist globally.
(5) Offshore PV has certain advantages
(ii) Policies related to offshore PV
Under the guidance of the "dual-carbon" strategy, the state continues to increase policy support to promote the high-quality development of offshore photovoltaic. 2020-2022, China has introduced offshore photovoltaic industry-related policies, accelerating the innovation of the "PV+" model, and promoting the diversified layout of photovoltaic power generation. In April 2023, the National Energy Board issued the "2023 Energy Work Guidelines", emphasizing the need to steadily build offshore wind power bases and planning to start the construction of offshore PV. At the same time, since 2022, shandong, zhejiang, jiangsu and other coastal provinces in the non-cultivated land space is fully developed, and gradually photovoltaic application scene from land to sea. Sea "light" resources sought after by the market, coastal provinces have accelerated the layout of the construction of marine photovoltaic, and successively introduced specific rules to support the development of marine photovoltaic.
(iii) Offshore PV case profiles
Currently, offshore PV can be mainly categorized into two main types: pile-fixed and floating.
1. Pile-fixed projects
At present, domestic pile-based fixed offshore PV is mainly based on water surface, beach, near-shore and evidence-based projects.
(1) Datang Zhejiang Xiangshan Growing PV on Big Paint Mudflats
(2) Zhejiang Wenling Jiangxia 100MW water surface photovoltaic
(3) Zhejiang Wenzhou Taihan 550MW Fishery-Light Complementary Power Generation Project
(4) CNNC Sanmen 200 MW Beach PV Project
(5) Shandong Green Energy HG32 Pile-based Fixed Offshore Photovoltaic Demonstration Project
(6) Guodian Investment HG34 Pile-based Fixed Offshore Photovoltaic Demonstration Project
2. Floating projects
At present, domestic offshore floating PV is mainly based on trials, harbor tests and demonstration projects.
(1) Guodian Investment Peninsula South 3 500kW Floating PV Demonstration Project
(2) Guodian Jidian's Shandong Weifang Shouguang Offshore Floating Photovoltaic Power Generation Key Technology Research and Core Components Empirical Science and Technology Project
(3) CIMC Yantai Hi-Tech Zone Offshore Photovoltaic Evidence Base Project
(4) National Energy Group Dongtai Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd. 100kW Offshore Floating PV Project
(iv) Technical problems of offshore photovoltaics
Maritime photovoltaic power generation project is still in the primary stage, there are many problems to be studied, obviously restricting its scale and industrialization development, the main technical difficulties are as follows:
(1) Existing structures cannot withstand the rigors of the marine environment over a 25-year operational period
(2) Fixed and floating offshore structural systems are in need of a breakthrough.
(3) Challenges to the safe operation of electrical systems in the marine environment
(4) Higher and urgent requirements for unmanned, visualized and intelligent offshore PV
(v) Future development trends and recommendations
1. Future development trends
(1) Development and engineering application of high-performance high-power components, high-reliability inverters and box-type transformers, and other equipment
(2) Use of new materials, structures, processes and methods in offshore photovoltaics
(3) Development and application of digital, intelligent, unmanned and other offshore PV construction management and operation and maintenance technologies
(4) Continuous improvement and engineering practice of equipment manufacturing, standard specifications, construction techniques, etc.
2. Development proposals
In the context of "dual carbon", the development of clean energy will have great potential, and offshore photovoltaics will become a key direction for global marine clean energy development. However, at this stage, it still faces many difficulties and challenges, and needs to be further improved and developed, and the relevant recommendations are as follows:
(1) Strengthen the top-level design and planning of relevant laws, regulations and standards.
(2) The development of offshore photovoltaic industry needs to follow the objective development law
(3) The content of offshore PV preliminary work needs to be further clarified
(4) The upstream and downstream of the offshore PV industry chain should be developed in a coordinated manner.
(5) Investing in offshore photovoltaic demonstration or evidence base projects
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