In order to thoroughly implement the deployment of the Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth CPC Central Committee on energy reform, solve the increasingly urgent problems of regulation, consumption and supply protection of the new power system, and to address the emergence of distributed new energy sources, new energy storage, virtual power plants and smart microgrids and other new business entities in recent years, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration (NEA) have planned ahead, and actively guided the development and issuance of the "Guiding Opinions on the Innovative Development of New Guiding Opinions on Supporting the Innovative Development of New Business Subjects in the Electricity Sector" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"), which indicates the development path of new business subjects in the market-oriented environment of electricity in the coming period of time, and is of great practical significance.
I. New issues facing the construction of a new power system in China
At present, China is accelerating the construction of a new type of power system, but faces several new problems as follows. First, the new energy is facing the predicament of consumption. "Fourteenth Five-Year" period in the northern region of traditional coal power and other regulating resources gradually exhausted, new energy consumption "dividend" is disappearing, in the wind and light resource-rich North China, Northwest China, due to insufficient space for consumption, the wind and light access to the grid is facing a greater resistance, to Shandong Distributed photovoltaic, for example, the province's 136 counties (cities, districts), there are 96 low-voltage distribution network connected to the network warning for "restricted" or "general". Secondly, the growth of new regulatory resources is limited. In addition to coal power, hydropower and other traditional regulation of power supply, the new regulation of resources are still facing many problems, such as new energy storage, although the scale is large, but most provinces have not established a suitable profitability mechanism, the sustainable development of the backbone of the lack of power; virtual power plants, smart microgrids, etc., there is a lack of top-level design, stay in the demonstration stage. Third, the pressure to maintain supply is growing. With the wind gradually to the main power supply changes, its "eat by the sky" characteristics of the power system security is an unfavorable factor, in fact, the current power system security margin compared to the traditional power system is declining, a large number of user-side regulation of the resources have not yet been fully tapped, did not play a role in the security of supply.
II. Opinions further standardize the definition of new business entities
The concept of new business entities first appeared in the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of a Nationally Unified Electricity Market System" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration (NEA) in 2022 (NDRC [2022] No. 118), which, in terms of "cultivating multi-competitive market entities", required that In September 2023, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration (NEA) issued the "Basic Rules of Electricity Spot Market (Trial)" (NDRC Energy Regulation [2023] No. 1217), which clearly states that the basic rules of the electricity spot market (Trial) are to be applied to the electricity market, and that the market is to be operated on a voluntary basis. No. 1217), clearly pointing out that "new business entities include distributed power generation, load aggregators, energy storage and virtual power plants, etc.", and in deploying the main tasks for the near-term construction of the electricity spot market, it is proposed to "promote new business entities such as distributed power generation, load aggregators, energy storage and virtual power plants to participate in transactions". Participation in trading". The Opinion further clarifies the definition of new business entities, including new business entities of single technology such as distributed new energy, new energy storage, and new business entities of resource aggregation such as virtual power plants and smart microgrids, as well as the related concepts, laying a solid foundation for the healthy and orderly development in the next step.
III. The Opinions put forward innovative application scenarios for new business entities
New business entities can, to a certain extent, solve the problems faced by the new power system in terms of supply preservation, regulation and consumption, and have developed rapidly in recent years. Distributed power can provide local power supply support and improve reliability, new energy storage and virtual power plants provide new regulation power, smart microgrids can be locally balanced and locally consumed, reducing the pressure on the regulation of the power grid. China's new business subject installed capacity in recent years to achieve rapid growth, 2023 China's new grid-connected distributed photovoltaic 96.286 million kilowatts, new energy storage 22.6 million kilowatts / 48.7 million kilowatt-hours, virtual power plants and smart microgrids have a small number of pilots landing. The Opinion puts forward a number of application scenarios for new business subjects, and proposes that the National Energy Administration's dispatching agencies can exempt new business subjects from the electricity business license and put forward access service requirements for grid enterprises, which supports the development of new business subjects from the aspect of construction procedures.
IV. Opinions on ways for new business entities to participate in the market
The current problem of China's new business subjects is that the market mechanism design is not perfect enough, which makes the role of new business subjects limited, and participation in the electricity market is the best solution. In the market construction faster provinces such as Shandong, Guangdong, etc., the market rules of new energy storage, virtual power plants and other new business subjects to participate in the market in the way of detailed provisions, but distributed power generation, smart microgrid has not yet been provided; in the market construction in the relatively slow progress of the provinces, all the new business subjects have not yet participated in the market provisions. The Opinion stipulates the way of market registration and equal subject status for new business entities, providing a superior basis for local governments to formulate market rules.
V. The Opinion focuses on new business entities in the category of aggregation of electricity and power generation resources
Relative to a single subject, the technical difficulty and rule design of the aggregation class of subjects to participate in the market is more complex, and virtual power plant is this type of subject. There are two types of virtual power plants, one originating in Germany, distributed PV is too small in volume when participating in the market, so the virtual power plant is used to aggregate geographically dispersed distributed PV to participate in the market as the same subject; the other originating in the U.S., adjustable loads can participate in the grid regulation, and thus such loads can be aggregated to be equivalent to a power plant, accepting the grid's scheduling, and contributing to the Power system regulation to contribute, while through the spot market, auxiliary services market or other ways to obtain revenue. The aggregation of power generation and utilization resources proposed in the Opinions is intended to support the development of new business entities from the aspect of main innovation.
VI. The Opinion proposes that new business entities bear systemic responsibilities equitably
At present, the distributed new energy in the new business subject, especially distributed photovoltaic, enjoy the power system regulation services, but did not bear the corresponding costs, higher earnings, many investors will centralized photovoltaic dismantling for distributed photovoltaic to avoid the relevant social responsibility, resulting in insufficient earnings from the power system to regulate the resource project, the construction of the enthusiasm is low, affecting the whole society's new energy consumption level as a whole. october 10th. National Energy Board issued "distributed photovoltaic power generation development and construction management measures (draft)" proposed "distributed photovoltaic power generation projects in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State to participate in the electricity market", "distributed photovoltaic power generation projects and users to carry out the dedicated power supply, power generation, power consumption of both parties should be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the governmental funds and surcharges, the system, the power system and the power system. Governmental funds and surcharges, system standby fees, policy cross-subsidies, etc., and equitably assume the corresponding responsibilities and obligations, natural person household PV exemption", and the "Opinions" of the requirements are basically the same, are required to distributed photovoltaic social responsibility.
The new business entity is a response to the new power system and thenew energyWith the rapid increase of the proportion of new energy power generation and the further acceleration of the construction of new power systems, the market scale of new business entities will continue to expand rapidly, and the business model will be enriched, the guidance clarifies some of the principle requirements for the new business entities to participate in the power market, especially the spot transactions to remove obstacles, but the specific implementation process may still have some new difficulties and problems. However, some new difficulties and problems may still arise in the specific implementation process, which depends on all electric power colleagues and market participants to fully and accurately implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth Central Committee, the spirit of the reform, from the overall situation, with the vision of reform and innovation to support the exploration of new modes and new mechanisms, and jointly promote China's new electric power system practice, so that China's abundant wind and solar energy resources can effectively serve the economy and society's green High-quality development.
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